LATIHAN PASSIVE VOICE

PASSIVE VOICE -- SUMMARY EXERCISE 

1. He opens the door. -→_____________________________________________

2. We set the table. - →______________________________________________

3. She pays a lot of money. - →_______________________________________

4. I draw a picture. - →______________________________________________

5. They wear blue shoes. - →_________________________________________

6. She sang a song. - →______________________________________________

7. Somebody hit me. - →____________________________________________

8. We stopped the bus. -→__________________________________________

9. A thief stole my car. - →___________________________________________

10. They didn't let him go. -→________________________________________

11. Kerrie has paid the bill. -→________________________________________

12. I have eaten a hamburger. - →_____________________________________

13. We have cycled five miles. - →_____________________________________

14. I have opened the present. - →____________________________________

15. They have not read the book. - →__________________________________

16. Jane will buy a new computer. - →__________________________________

17. Her boyfriend will install it. - →____________________________________

18. Millions of people will visit the museum. - →________________________

19. Our boss will sign the contract. - →________________________________

20. You will not do it. - →____________________________________________

21. I can answer the question. - →_____________________________________

22. She would carry the box. - →______________________________________

23. You should open the window. - →________________________________

24. We might play cards. - →_________________________________________

      25. You ought to wash the car. - →____________________________________

MODAL VERBS

Apakah Modal Verbs itu?

Modals (juga disebut modal verbs, modal auxiliary verbs, modal auxiliaries) adalah kata kerja yang spesial yang perlakuannya tidak tentu/berubah-ubah. Fungsi utamanya adalah memberi tambahan penjelasan pada kata kerja utama. Selain itu Modals juga punya beragam fungsi komunikatif.

Penggunaannya:

Modal verbs digunakan untuk mengekspresikan fungsi:

1. Permission - izin
2. Ability - kemampuan
3. Obligation - kewajiban
4. Prohibition - larangan
5. Lack of necessity – kurang perlu
6. Advice - saran
7. Possibility – kemungkinan/tidak mustahil
8. Probability – kemungkinan/iya atau tidak

Ingat!!

Modal verbs diikuti verba dasar tanpa “to”

Contoh

1. You must stop when the traffic lights turn red
2. You should see to the doctor
3. There are a lot of tomatoes in the fridge. You need not buy any.

Pengecualian:

• You ought to go to the doctor

Ini lho, contoh-contoh Modals

Modal Verb	Meaning	Expressing	Example
must	to have to	100 % obligation	I must stop when the traffic lights turn red.
	to be very probable	logical conclusion (deduction)	He must be very tired after such enormous work
must not	not to be allowed to	prohibition	You must not smoke in the hospital.
can	to be able to	ability	I can swim
	to be allowed to	permission	Can I use your phone please?
	it is possible	possibility	Smoking can cause cancer !
could	to be able to	ability in the past	When I was younger I could stay up all night and not get tired..
	to be allowed to	more polite permission	Excuse me, could I just say something?
	it is possible	possibility	It could rain tomorrow!
may	to be allowed to	permission	May I use your phone please?
	it is possible, probable	possibility, probability	It may rain tomorrow!
might	to be allowed to	more polite permission	Might I use your phone please?
	it is possible, probable	weak possibility, probability	I might come and visit you in America next year, if I can save enough money.
need	necessary	necessity	Need I say more?
need not	not necessary	lack of necessity/abcense of obligation	I need not buy any tomatoes. There are plenty in the fridge.
should/ought to	used to say or ask what is the correct or best thing to do	50 % obligation	I should / ought to see a doctor. I have a terrible headache.
	to suggest an action or to show that it is necessary	Advice	You should / ought to revise your lessons
	to be very probable	logical conclusion (deduction)	He should / ought to be very tired after such enormous work
had better	to suggest an action or to show that it is necessary	Advice	You 'd better revise your lessons

Latihan 1: Tambahkan ‘to’ bila perlu. Jika tidak, tuliskan Ø di bagian yang kosong.

1. I have to__ go___ downtown tomorrow.

2. Tam can __Ø___ play soccer.

3. Could you please __________ open the window?

4. The students must _________ learn all of the irregular verbs.

5. Sally has _______ do her history report tonight.

6. I think you should ________ take better care of yourself.

7. I ought ______ go to the post office this afternoon.

8. Would you ________speak more slowly please?

9. We may ________ go to Argentina for our vacation.

10. Will youplease _____ mail this letter for me?

REPORTED SPEECH :P

REPORTED SPEECH

Terkadang kita perlu mengatakan apa yang telah dikatakan oleh orang lain. Ada dua cara untuk melakukan ini dalam bahasa Inggris, yakni direct speech dan reported speech.

Direct speech

Direct speech menyatakan ulang secara persis apa yang telah dikatakan oleh orang lain. Contoh:

• Jane said, “I’m so happy today”.
• The president said, “I need a vacation”.

Reported speech

Reported speech secara tidak langsung melaporkan apa yang dikatakan orang lain. Contoh:

• Jane said she was so happy today.
• The president said he needed a vacation.

Reported speech menggunakan bentuk lampau dari direct speech. Jadi jika direct speech dalam bentuk present tense, maka reported speech dalam bentuk past tense. Contoh:

Direct Speech - I said, “She is in her office.”
Reported Speech - I said she was in her office.

Apabila direct speech dalam bentuk past tense, maka reported speech menggunakan bentuk past perfect.

Direct Speech - I said, “She was in her office at lunchtime.”
Reported Speech - I said she had been in her office at lunchtime. atau - I said she was in her office at lunchtime.

Dalam bahasa Inggris moderen, bentuk past perfect sering tidak diperlukan untuk reported speech bentuk lampau, kita cukup menggunakan past simple tense.

Berikut beberapa bentuk kata kerja umum dalam direct dan reported speech

Tenses	Direct / Reported Speech
Simple present:	I said, “She is busy”. - I said she was busy.
Present continuous:	I said, “I am working now”. - I said I was working now
Simple past:	I said, “She was here this morning”. - I said she was here this morning. ATAU I said she had been here this morning.
Past continuous:	I said “She was studying all yesterday” - I said she was studying all yesterday. ATAU I said she had been studying all yesterday
Present perfect:	I said, “She has worked here for 5 years.” - I said she had worked here for 5 years.
Past perfect:	I said, “She had worked here for 5 years.” - I said she had worked here for 5 years.
Future:	I said, “She will work here from July.” - I said she would work here from July.
Future continuous:	I said, “We’ll be living here for 6 months.” - I said we would be living here for 6 months.
Can:	I said, “She can play the piano well.” - I said she could play the piano well.

That

Reported speech sering diberikan sebagai bagian dari klausa-that, khususnya dalam bahasa tertulis dan bahasa yang lebih formal. Contoh:

• He said that he would arrive at 10.00.
• He said he would arrive at 10.00.

Kedua kalimat ini bermakna sama, dan that bisa dihilangkan tanpa ada perubahan makna.