REPORTED SPEECH :P

REPORTED SPEECH

Terkadang kita perlu mengatakan apa yang telah dikatakan oleh orang lain. Ada dua cara untuk melakukan ini dalam bahasa Inggris, yakni direct speech dan reported speech.

Direct speech

Direct speech menyatakan ulang secara persis apa yang telah dikatakan oleh orang lain. Contoh:

• Jane said, “I’m so happy today”.
• The president said, “I need a vacation”.

Reported speech

Reported speech secara tidak langsung melaporkan apa yang dikatakan orang lain. Contoh:

• Jane said she was so happy today.
• The president said he needed a vacation.

Reported speech menggunakan bentuk lampau dari direct speech. Jadi jika direct speech dalam bentuk present tense, maka reported speech dalam bentuk past tense. Contoh:

Direct Speech - I said, “She is in her office.”
Reported Speech - I said she was in her office.

Apabila direct speech dalam bentuk past tense, maka reported speech menggunakan bentuk past perfect.

Direct Speech - I said, “She was in her office at lunchtime.”
Reported Speech - I said she had been in her office at lunchtime. atau - I said she was in her office at lunchtime.

Dalam bahasa Inggris moderen, bentuk past perfect sering tidak diperlukan untuk reported speech bentuk lampau, kita cukup menggunakan past simple tense.

Berikut beberapa bentuk kata kerja umum dalam direct dan reported speech

Tenses	Direct / Reported Speech
Simple present:	I said, “She is busy”. - I said she was busy.
Present continuous:	I said, “I am working now”. - I said I was working now
Simple past:	I said, “She was here this morning”. - I said she was here this morning. ATAU I said she had been here this morning.
Past continuous:	I said “She was studying all yesterday” - I said she was studying all yesterday. ATAU I said she had been studying all yesterday
Present perfect:	I said, “She has worked here for 5 years.” - I said she had worked here for 5 years.
Past perfect:	I said, “She had worked here for 5 years.” - I said she had worked here for 5 years.
Future:	I said, “She will work here from July.” - I said she would work here from July.
Future continuous:	I said, “We’ll be living here for 6 months.” - I said we would be living here for 6 months.
Can:	I said, “She can play the piano well.” - I said she could play the piano well.

That

Reported speech sering diberikan sebagai bagian dari klausa-that, khususnya dalam bahasa tertulis dan bahasa yang lebih formal. Contoh:

• He said that he would arrive at 10.00.
• He said he would arrive at 10.00.

Kedua kalimat ini bermakna sama, dan that bisa dihilangkan tanpa ada perubahan makna.

TUGAS BAHASA INGGRIS 20 Jan 2012

PASSIVE VOICE

Passive voice digunakan pada saat:

1. Orang/obyek yang melakukan sebuah kegiatan tidak penting untuk disebutkan.

Contoh:

The house was built in 1997. (rumah ini dibangun thn 1997-siapa yang membangun tidak penting)

2. Untuk memperhalus kalimat

Contoh:

The vase is broken. (vasnya pecah, entah siapa yang memecahkannya)

Bandingkan dengan: YOU broke the vas.

3. Pada saat tindakannya yang lebih dipentingkan daripada pelakunya.

Contoh:

30 people were killed in the tsunami. (pokoknya ada 30 orang yang terbunuh, bagaimana dan karena apa mereka terbunuh tak dipersoalkan)

4. Untuk memberikan penekanan pada pelaku.

Contoh:

The new library will be opened by the President.

This shirt is made by my mother.

Membentuk Passive Voice

Active	(a)	Subject verb object Mary helped the boy	Object ‘the boy’ berubah posisi menjadi subject.
Passive	(b)	Subject verb The boy was helped by Mary.	By phrase.
Active	(c)	An accident happened.	Hanya kalimat transitive (yang memiliki object) yang bisa di passive-kan.
Passive	(d)	(none)

Bentuk kalimat Passive adalah :

BE + PAST PARTICIPLE (Verb bentuk ke-3)

Active
Simple present	Mary	helps	the boy
Present progressive	Mary	Is helping	the boy
Present perfect	Mary	Has helped	the boy
Simple past	Mary	helped	the boy
Past progressive	Mary	Was helping	the boy
Past perfect	Mary	Had helped	the boy
Simple future	Mary	Will help	the boy
Be going to	Mary	Is going to help	the boy
Future perfect	Mary	Will have helped	the boy

Passive
The boy	Is	helped	By Mary
The boy	Is being	helped	By Mary
The boy	Has been	helped	By Mary
The boy	Was	helped	By Mary
The boy	Was being	helped	By Mary
The boy	Had been	helped	By Mary
The boy	Will be	helped	By Mary
The boy	Is going to be	helped	By Mary
The boy	Will have been	helped	By Mary

Latihan:

1. Tom opens the door. → The door ___________________ by Tom.

2. Tom is opening the door. → ________________________ by Tom.

3. Tom has opened the door. → _____________________________.

4. Shakespeare wrote that play. → ___________________________

5. The teacher is going to explain the lesson. → ___________________________________

6. Bill will invite Anna to the party. → ___________________________________________

7. Alex is preparing that reports. → _____________________________________________

8. Waiters serve customers. →_________________________________________________

9. Is Tom opening the door? → _____________ the door ______________ by Tom?

10. Has Tom opened the door? → ____________ the door ______________ by Tom?