Materi Kelas XI

Pengertian Imperative

Imperative adalah verb (kata kerja) yang digunakan untuk memberikan command(perintah), warning (peringatan), advice(nasehat), instruction (instruksi/petunjuk), maupun request (permintaan). Verb ini merupakan satu dari tiga verb mood(termasuk: subjunctive dan indicative).

Aturan Penggunaan

§  Kata kerja yang digunakan merupakan bare infinitive (tanpa “to”).
Contoh: 
Go!, Be Careful!, Sit down!

§  Verb ini tidak membutuhkan penambahan subject karena subject “you” telah tersirat (elliptical construction).
Contoh:
Shut the window!

§  Kata kerja dapat dibuat lebih sopan dengan menambahkan kata “do” di depan verb.
Contoh:
Do open the door

§  Bentuk negatif didapat dengan menambahkan “don’t” atau “do not” di depan verb.
Contoh:
Do not step on the grass. Don’t be careless.

§  Jika pembicara ikut serta dalam tindakan yang diajukan di dalam kalimat, tambahkan “let’s” atau “let us” maupun bentuk negatifnya, “let’s not” di depan verb.
Contoh:
Let’s go to the wedding ceremony. Let’s not complain anymore.

Fungsi dan Contoh Imperative

Beberapa contoh imperative dengan fungsi-fungsinya adalah sebagai berikut.

Fungsi	Keterangan	Contoh Imperative
Imperative digunakan untuk memberikan direct order/command (perintah langsung)	Perintah biasanya diberikan oleh orang yang memiliki authority(kewenangan) atau kepada anak-anak maupun binatang. Jikaimperative di dalam kalimat, Intonasi menurun pada akhir kalimat.	Wake up now! (Bangun sekarang!)
		Get out! (Keluar!)
Imperative digunakan untuk memberikanwarning/prohibition(peringatan)	Biasanya untuk memperingatkan seseorang akan bahaya. Intonasi meninggi pada kata terakhir.	Watch out! (Awas!)
		Don’t touch me! (Jangan sentuh saya!)
Imperative digunakan untuk memberikan advice (nasehat)	Kalimat diucapkan dengan intonasi normal.	Don’t be panic. (Jangan panik.)
		Do not eat too much. (Jangan makan terlalu banyak.)
Imperative digunakan untuk memberikaninstruction(instruksi/petunjuk)	-	Go straight ahead then turn left. (Jalan lurus ke depan lalu belok kiri.)
		Take the pill after a meal. (Minum pil setelah makan.)
Imperative digunakan untuk mengajukanrequest(permintaan/permohonan)	Untuk mengajukan request, dapat digunakan kata “please” untuk membuat kata kerja ini menjadi lebih sopan.	Please don’t go. (Tolong jangan pergi.)
		Please reconsider. (Tolong pertimbangkan kembali.)
		Let me alone, please. (Biarkan saya sendiri.)
		Polite request: §  Would you like to give me some food, please? §  Could you please stay here? §  Will you invite him, please?

Materi kelas XI

Causative Verb - get / have / let / make 

Causative verb menunjukkan bahwa seseorang/sesuatu secara tidak langsung bertanggung jawab terhadap sebuah tindakan. Subjek tidak melakukan tindakan itu sendiri, tetapi justru menyebabkan seseorang/sesuatu yang lain melakukannya. Contoh:

- Yesterday I had my hair cut.

Pembicara pada kalimat diatas tidak memotong sendiri rambutnya, tetapi justru membuat orang lain melakukannya - Saya “menyebabkan” mereka memotong rambut saya.

Have

Have merupakan causative verb yang umum. Ketimbang melakukan sesuatu dengan diri kita sendiri, kita “menyuruh” orang yang lain untuk melakukannya. Bentuknya sebagai berikut:

Kata kerja “to have” + objek + past participle (verb 3). Contoh:

- I had my jacket cleaned yesterday.
- Did you have your computer fixed?

Terkadang kita menggunakan have sebagai causative verb ketika kita ingin melakukan tindakan oleh diri kita sendiri. Contoh:

- When will the report be ready? I’ll do it by tomorrow morning. >>
- When will the report be ready? I’ll have it done by tomorrow morning.

Dengan menggunakan causative, kalimat ke-dua diatas mengalihkan perhatian dari pelaku tindakan, dan lebih memberikan perhatian kepada tindakan yang sedang dilakukan. Ini kedengaran sopan dan profesional.

Get

Get sering digunakan ketimbang have. Contoh:

·         I got my computer fixed - I had my computer fixed. Kedua kalimat ini maknanya sama.

·         I got my jacket cleaned. - I had my jacket cleaned. Kedua kalimat ini maknanya sama.

Causative verbs sering digunakan bersama dengan pengalaman-pengalaman negatif. Pada situasi-situasi ini lebih umum menggunakan have. Contoh:

·         I had my wallet stolen. (Saya sebenarnya tidak menyebabkan dompet saya dicuri - seseorang mencuri dompet saya dariku)

·         She had her window smashed.

Let

Let digunakan untuk membolehkan seseorang melakukan sesuatu. Bentuknya adalah let + orang + verb. Contoh:

·         John let me drive his new car.

·         Will your parents let you go to the party?

·         I don’t know if my boss will let me take the day off.

Make

Make digunakan untuk memaksa seseorang melakukan sesuatu. Bentuknya adalah make + orang + verb. Contoh:

·         My teacher made me apologize for what I had said.

·         Did somebody make you wear that ugly hat?

·         She made her children do their homework.

Materi kelas XI

Expressions to sound Persuasive and Convincing

     Most people’s jobs require them to influence other people a lot of the time. This could include convincing your boss you deserve a raise, inspiring your team to finish a project, cajoling a colleague to do a presentation for you, getting someone to see your point of view in order to have their support at a meeting.

     Influencing can also involve persuading other people to be your champions so they will, in turn, be able to provide access to areas you don’t have any direct route to now. We call this ‘expanding your spheres of influence’, and it can be the key to making your presence felt without appearing out of line.

You may try to exert your influence through coercion and manipulations. You might even succeed in getting things done, but that isn’t really influencing; that’s forcing people to do what you want, often against their will. You won’t have succeeded in winning support.

     Real influencing skills are far subtler and fairer than that: They require good interpersonal and communication skills and an ability to get other people want to support you.

An interesting point about people, who use their influencing skills well, is that other people like being around them. There’s a kind of exciting buzz, or sense that things happen when they’re about.

Why is that? Well, think about it for a second or two: they don’t sit around wishing things were different while moaning there’s nothing they can do about it. They also don’t sit around blaming others or complaining about what needs fixing that will make things better. They fix stuff.

      And sometimes the most influential person in a company isn’t the one at the top – it’s the one who knows how to get to the one at the top.

     Being persuasive is a matter of the way that you say it. It could mean intonation; it could mean selecting a phrase that is appropriate to the context, or to the person concerned. You can improve your skills of persuasion.

 A

Trying to persuade

 Are you sure you ought to make that complaint?

You really should invite your boss, you know.

That’s quite a good idea, you know.

He’s an excellent Teacher, actually.

Don’t be silly John, it’s not that expensive.

Don’t forget that he’s your uncle.

What about your friends?

What about the time and energy you’ve already invested, then?

Don’t you think you should do something for your institute?

I could do with your support, you know.

I can assure you of my full support.

B.

Trying to convince

I can guarantee…

I tell you, it’s a fact.

I tell you, it’s true.

I tell you, it’s certain.

I am absolutely certain.

I saw him just now, really.

I saw it with my own eyes.

I saw it myself.

I can assure you…

It’s quite true.

It must be true.

It’s quite true.

It’s here in black and white.

It’s crystal clear…

Yes, really. It’s quite true.

Don’t you feel that he could have been mistaken?

You see, the training there is excellent.

But can’t you see that he’s interested in the idea?

That’s all I know, honestly.

But you must admit that he did all he could.

But surely you must agree that this is an extraordinary case.

He’s honest, I can assure you.

It’s here in writing.

Isn’t it possible that he doesn’t know anything about it?

Look, I saw it myself.

Honestly, it’s quite true.

I can guarantee that you’ll get a promotion soon.

But don’t you agree that he was not in station at that time?

This is the best quality we can get – there’s no doubt about it.

           

C.

Insisting on or on doing

I insist on a written report from him.

I insist you do it.

I’m afraid you’ll have to do it.

I want to know when you’ll do it.

I don’t mind waiting. It’s very important.

I won’t go until you give me a full refund.

I’m not laving until I know. I’m sorry. I can’t accept that.

You must go and meet the Director.

You simply must do it.

You really must help him.

You will come before five in the evening – I insist.

You’ll have to finish it by tomorrow.

You must stay for dinner.

You must stay for lunch, I insist.

Do stay for tea.

It’s essential that you meet him.

If you can’t help me, I’d like to see your boss.

Materi Kelas XI

Expressing Necessity and Obligation

Sample sentences from the article:
Each of us has to finish two thick books….
…he was expected to complete…

Have to / Has to / Had to
Be expected to

These words express necessity or obligation. They usually indicate that someone else has imposed conditions on us. For example:

     I have to take out the garbage. (It’s something I must do now. My mother told me to do it.)
     I am expected to take out the garbage. (It’s a regular responsibility, a daily chore that my parents have        given me.)

A related expression is be supposed to.

     I am supposed to clean my room. (I’m required to do it.)

In the negative, these expressions have different meanings. For example:

     I don’t have to go to the dance this weekend. (There is no obligation. I can choose to go or not.)
     I’m not expected to go to the dance this weekend. (There is no expectation. People will be surprised if I      do go.)
     I’m not supposed to go to the dance this weekend. (I’m prohibited from going. It would probably be            rude for me to go.)

Note:

Must is often used to indicate 'personal' obligation, what you think yourself or other people/things must do. The obligation comes from outside (a rule or law).
Have to or need to are often used to indicate necessity (but not always).   It means doesn't come from a rule or law.
Here are the expressions to show necessity and obligation :

 - It is necessary for you to be here on time.

 - You must finish your reports before the boss ask you.

 - We don't need to come to the party, I think.
 - You have to submit the report by June 2 nd
 - We must be here before the teacher comes

 - The school must provide more sports facilities. 

 - You have to clean the keyboard regularly.
 - I really must get some exercise.  
 - People must try to be more tolerant of each other.
 - If you own a car, you have to pay an annual road tax.

Conditional Sentences

Conditional Sentence Type 0

Conditional type zero is used to talk about general truths, scientific facts or things which always happen under certain conditions.

Form:

If + Simple Present, + Simple Present

Use:

The zero conditional is used to talk about things which are always true, scientific facts, general truths:

Examples:

If you cross an international date line, the time changes.
Phosphorus burns if you expose it to air.
If I wake up early, I go jogging.

NOTE: you can use "when" instead of "if".

Conditional Sentence Type 1

Often called the "real" conditional because it is used for real or possible situations. These situations take place if a certain condition is met. It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.

Form:

If + Simple Present, + Simple Future

Use

Conditional Sentences Type1 refer to the future. An action in the future will only happen if a certain condition is fulfilled by that time. We don't know for sure whether the condition actually will be fulfilled or not, but the conditions seems rather realistic – so we think it is likely to happen.

Example:

If I have enough time, I'll watch the football match.

I may have time to watch the match but I'm not sure about it.

Conditional Sentence Type 2

Often called the "unreal" conditional because it is used for unreal impossible or improbable situations. This conditional provides an imaginary result for a given situation. It is very unlikely that the condition will be fulfilled.

Form:

if + Simple Past, + would + base verb

Were / Was

In conditional type 2, we usually use in the if clause "were" instead of "was" even if the pronoun is I, he, she or it. "were" here is a subjunctive form.

NOTE "was" is also a possible form.

Example:

If I were a millionaire, I would buy a castle.

Use

Conditional Sentences Type 2 refer to an action in the present that could happen if the present situation were different. I don't really expect the situation to change because it is very unlikely.

Example:

If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the world.

Conditional Sentence Type 3

It is impossible that the condition will be met because it refers to the past.

Form:

if + Past Perfect, + would + have + Past Participle

Use

Conditional Sentences Type 3 refer to situations in the past. They expresse hypothetical results to past given situations.

Example:

If he had been careful, he wouldn't have had that terrible accident.

Sometimes in the past, he was careless. He drove so fast. So he had a terrible accident

Things to remember

1. The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don't use a comma.

Examples:

"Phosphorus burns if you expose it to air."
" I will send her an invitation if I find her address."
" I would travel around the world if I had a million dollars."
"He wouldn't have had that terrible accident if he had been careful."

2. Main clause and/or if clause might be negative.

Example:

If I don’t see him this afternoon, I will phone him in the evening.
If he had been careful, he wouldn't have had an accident.

Exercises on conditional sentences

Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense (conditional 1):

1. If I (finish)______________ early, I will call you.
2. I (catch)___________ the 9:00 train if I hurry up .

Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense (conditional 2):

3.       If I (be)_________ a star, I would help the needy.

4. He (buy)_________ a house if he had a job.

Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense (conditional 3):

5.       If he (be) _____________careful, he would not have had that terrible accident.

6. I (pass)_____________ the exam if I had worked hard .

Choose the correct answer:

7.       If I (wake up)____________ early, I’ll go jogging.

8. He (visit)_____________ his uncle, if he finishes early.
9. If she had taken care of her son, he (not/become) ________________a criminal.
10. If I were a star, I (help)_____________ the poor.

Tugas Siswa hari Senin, 17 Juni 2013

Assalamu'alaikum wr. wb.
Untuk kelas X RPL-B, X RPL-C dan X Pd-E yang seharusnya hari ini ada kelas Bahasa Inggris bersama dengan Pak Yudi, mohon untuk mengerjakan tugas berikut ya. Kerjakan di selembar kertas lalu kumpulkan di lab bahasa Inggris jika sudah selelsai. Ingat, tuliskan beserta dengan SOAL-nya. Terimakasih...

TENSE PRACTICE: SIMPLE PRESENT

Isilah titik-titik dengan Simple Present atau Present Continuous.

1. He usually ............. (go) to work by bus.

2. Tess ................... (talk) on the phone now.

3. Peter and Gina ........... (love) hip-hop.

4. Mr. Andrews ................. (not, like) fast food.

5. Be quiet! The baby .................... (sleep) in his bedroom.

6. Mary’s daughter ................ (study) in Boston at the moment

7. The film ......... (be) outstanding! You should watch it!

8. My father ............... (watch) a documentary on TV.

9. I ............. (hate) working early in the morning.

10. They never ............... (pay) attention to my words.

11. The train .............. (leave) at half past seven.

12. I ...............(leave) now, my parents must be worried!

13. Water ............... (freeze) at 0ºC.

14. The water ...........(boil) on the cooker! Turn it off!

15. Harry sometimes ..............(play) tennis at the club.

16. Betty .................. (play) the flute now. She’s rehearsing!

17. My students rarely ...............(say) a word in English!

18. It rarely ............. (rain) in summer.

19. Look! It ................ (rain) cats and dogs! We can’t go out now.

20. I never .............. (get up) before 7.30.
21. Are you sure this dress .................(suit) me?
22. Susan ............... (do) her homework in her bedroom.
23. The Earth .......... (go) around the Sun.
24. They ............. (have) difficulties at the moment.
25. Samuel always .......(do) his homework before dinner but today he ........ (help) his Mum.

Tugas Untuk X MM-C Jumat 14 Juni 2012

Hey, there!
Assalamu'alaikum. Here's your task for today. Please work on it in a piece of paper and put them in laboratory after you finish. Ok?

TASK 1
topic: MIXED VERB TENSES
For each sentence, choose the correct tense of the verb.

1. I ________ for seven hours last night.
    a) was slept b) slept c) has slept
2. I ________ that you were here.
   a) wasn't knowing b) didn't knew c) didn't know
3. When I came to this city, I ________ anyone.
   a) haven't known b) didn't know c) wasn't knowing
4. You know where I live. I ________ in the same place for the past three years.
   a) have been living b) had lived c) was living
5. You ________ my brother, have you?
   a) haven't seen b) didn't see c) didn’t saw
6. Where ________ last night?
   a) have you gone b) did you went c) did you go
7. I ________ in bed when I heard the accident outside.
   a) was lying b) lay c) have lain
8. Did you just _________ me a liar?
   a) call b) called c) have called
9. She is a mean person. I don't like ________ to her.
   a) talk b) talking c) have talk
10. I don't know how ________.
  a) dance b) dancing c) to dance

Task 2:

topic: Basic Modals Exercise
For each sentence, choose the modal (should, can, must) that is most appropriate.
NB: In American English, “must” often sounds old-fashioned and/or bossy - it’s more natural in most cases to say “have to” as in “You have to be at the airport at 9” not “You must be at the airport at 9”.

1. This ________ be dangerous if you don’t have the right equipment.
     a) should b) can
2. You ________ yell at your parents. It’s not nice.
     a) shouldn’t b) can’t
3. I ________ have seen that movie eight times.
     a) must b) can
4. I can’t allow you to hang around here. = I ________ have you hanging around here.
     a) shouldn’t b) can’t
5. P1: Isn’t that Charlie’s umbrella? P2: Yes, he ________ have left it here yesterday.
     a) should b) must
6. ________ I borrow your pen for a minute?
     a) Can b) Should
7. P1: ________ you speak Japanese? P2: No, I can’t.
     a) Can b) Must
8. It’s late. I ________ get going.
     a) can b) should
9. I saw that pen this morning. It ________ be around here somewhere.
     a) must b) can
10. I ________ understand what he’s saying.
     a) shouldn’t b) can’t

That's all... Good luck!